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Jamaican activist and orator (–)

This article is about the political leader. For the album by Burning Spear, see Marcus Garvey (album).

Marcus Mosiah Garvey Jr.ONH (17 August &#;&#; 10 June ) was a Jamaican political activist.

He was the founder and first President-General of the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL, commonly known as UNIA), through which he declared himself Provisional President of Africa.

Garvey was ideologically a black nationalist and Pan-Africanist.

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His ideas came to be known as Garveyism.

Garvey was born into a moderately prosperous Afro-Jamaican family in Saint Ann's Bay and was apprenticed into the print trade as a teenager. Working in Kingston, he got involved in trade unionism before living briefly in Costa Rica, Panama, and England.

On returning to Jamaica, he founded the UNIA in In , he moved to the United States and established a UNIA branch in New York City's Harlem district. Emphas